The Hudson River School was a mid-19th-century American art movement embodied by a group of landscape painters. Early on, the paintings typically depicted the Hudson River Valley and the surrounding area, including the Catskill, Adirondack, and White Mountains. Works by second-generation artists expanded to include other locales in New England, the Maritimes, the American West, and South America.
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Many ideas of the Hudson River School were influenced by transcendentalism, a philosophical and literary movement during the early 19th century. The frameworks of transcendentalism provided a philosophical and aesthetic framework that deeply influenced the artists of the Hudson River School, shaping their approach to depicting nature and painting iconic landscapes.